Discovering the S p a c e Around Us
Today we’re discussing “the gap,” a simple yet crucial principle in meditation. This concept relates to the Buddha’s Third Noble Truth—The Cessation of Suffering—which is often discussed as though it were a permanent state. However, one of Buddhism’s core principles, and perhaps a basic aspect of human existence, is that all things are impermanent. When asked if Buddhism itself is impermanent, His Holiness Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche answered, “Yes, that will pass as well.” This is a startling notion, especially for those who have dedicated their lives to this path.
If all things are impermanent, then so too is suffering. This is the good news: no matter how dire our circumstances, they are not permanent. The saying goes, “The good news is all things change, and the bad news is all things change.”
If suffering is impermanent, we might ask, what does it change into? The opposite would be non-suffering, or nirvana—the cessation of suffering. But even these are just points along an ever-changing spectrum. Suffering and its cessation are not final end points but experiences along the way. We amplify our suffering by clinging to the idea of “self,” making our suffering seem more important than that of others. This personalization of suffering adds unnecessary weight, making it appear more solid and real than it truly is.
Moments of non-suffering are often more frequent than we notice, but they are just as impermanent. If you’re experiencing pain in one leg, for instance, you can shift your focus to the other leg, which is pain-free, showing that the pain is not as all-encompassing as it feels. Similarly, emotional pain—like heartbreak or financial crises—often feels inescapable. Yet, moments arise when you feel a brief sense of relief or peace, only for the mind to pull you back into suffering.
These fleeting moments of relief are what we call “the gap.” This gap is significant because it demonstrates the non-solidity of suffering. The cessation of suffering is not one final moment of peace but a recurring experience interwoven through life, just like suffering itself. It’s like looking out the window of a tour bus—on one side, you see turmoil, and on the other, a beautiful, calm ocean. Both exist, and where you focus your attention matters.
When we’re locked in the truth of our suffering, we amplify it, believing that our suffering is the most important in the universe. But in reality, it’s just part of the broader fluctuations of life. Recognizing this brings relief, as we realize that our suffering doesn’t color everything—there are always gaps of peace, no matter how small.
Likewise, the peace that comes from noticing the gap is impermanent. It’s always there but not always accessible, especially during moments of intense pain or stress. Still, at some point, whether in dreaming, connection with loved ones, or even in death, relief from suffering will come. This brings us to a deeper question—if everything is impermanent, what about death?
In Buddhism, even death is not permanent. Many in the West interpret this to mean reincarnation as a new human form. But the Buddhist view of impermanence is more aligned with the scientific understanding that energy cannot be destroyed, only transformed. As Joni Mitchell sang, “We are stardust, we are golden,” pointing to the fact that the very atoms in our bodies come from stars. Nothing is self-existent; everything arises from the space around us.
Space, in this sense, is a fundamental element in the universe. It’s sometimes referred to as the “womb of life” or, in tantric traditions, the “vagina of life,” as it gives birth to tangible reality. Yet, even tangible reality is imbued with space. Nothing is solid; everything contains elements of openness and impermanence.
Western society, influenced by materialism, struggles to recognize space. We tend to make “things” out of everything, from our thoughts to our experiences. This materialistic orientation blinds us to the changeability of life and the creative potential that space represents. Transformation is scary, so we cling to the solidity of things, keeping openness and creativity at bay.
In Eastern philosophy, however, space is recognized as one of the basic elements—alongside earth, air, fire, and water. Space is seen as the quintessence, the “fifth element,” which is not only essential but the very mother of all other elements. It’s the space between things that allows for change and transformation and for the other elements to clarify.
Meditation training helps us reconnect with this space. By letting go of our thoughts and coming back to the breath, we begin to experience non-conceptual space. This practice allows us to see the lack of solidity in our thoughts and beliefs, helping us open to a more creative and essential life.
In Buddhism, the teachings of the Third Turning point to Buddha-nature, a concept that unifies emptiness and compassion. Buddha-nature is dynamic and ever-present, though not solid or permanent. It’s always part of our experience, even if we don’t always notice it. The practical work of meditation is to retrain the mind to see space—to notice the gaps in our thinking and in our lives.
Space has two cognitive components: one is clarity, where nothing obstructs our view, and the other is darkness or unknowing, where there’s no light. People who embody space in their personality often exhibit openness and acceptance, though they may be difficult to engage for feedback. Space, in its essence, is neutral, offering neither judgment nor obstruction. It simply exists.
This doesn’t mean we should dissolve into space and abandon our responsibilities. Bills still need to be paid, and people still need our care. Form and emptiness become one in the mind of the practitioner. We learn to acknowledge the reality of suffering, treat it with respect, but also see it as transparent, changeable, and impermanent.
In meditation, we can support this understanding by noticing the space in our lives—the gaps. As Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche used to say, “Mind the gap,” a phrase also used in the London Underground to warn passengers of the space between the train and platform. For practitioners, it means to acknowledge and respect the moments of openness and non-suffering. These moments, even if unclear or uncomfortable, offer potential for insight and transformation.
By staying with the gap, rather than clinging to certainty or suffering, we allow the natural clarity of space to emerge. It’s in these gaps, these spaces of unknowing, that transformation becomes possible.
